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Operative dentistry is the branch dedicated specifically to discussion of problems involved in restoration of the lesions that teeth can suffer. Dental surgery, the basic structure underpinning dentistry, is not an easy discipline that provides gratifying results with little effort, on account of the technical difficulties presented by correct reconstruction of a destroyed tooth. Reconstruction of posterior teeth with amalgam and resin, where the clinical crown is partially or totally destroyed, continues to occupy the profession greatly. Various techniques have been suggested for increasing the retention and resistance of these restorations. The most widely accepted and utilized techniques employ pins retained in dentine, especially self-threading pins. Whenever we intend to resolve a case where more than one option is available, it is important to know how to do so correctly on a scientific basis. Pins have fallen into disuse but we believe that they can be useful to achieve restorations with greater retention and anchorage if they are used correctly and in addition to current dental materials.

Many dental offices are now using power bleaching to knock out tooth stains. While power whitening may utilize laser dentistry, it's less about the process and more about the substance. It's called power bleaching because of the high level of hydrogen peroxide, the active ingredient in tooth whitening gels. During power teeth whitening, hydrogen peroxide turns into oxygen, which penetrates tooth enamel to break down stains set deep inside of the teeth. The higher the level of hydrogen peroxide, the more oxygen molecules are created - the greater the amount of oxygen, the more stains are removed and the whiter teeth will appear. Power teeth whitening is faster and often more effective than using take-home teeth whitening trays alone. Basically it is not better than other methods but can increase risks for the patients, especially hypersensitivity of teeth.

Today, direct composite restorations in posterior teeth are a part of the standard therapy spectrum in modern dentistry. The performance of this treatment method in the masticatory load-bearing posterior region has been conclusively proven in many clinical studies, even for extensive composite restorations with cuspal coverage. These restorations are usually carried out in an elaborate incremental layering technique. Aside from the possibilities that highly esthetic composites offer in the application of polychromatic multiple-layer techniques, there is also a great market demand for the most simple and quick and therefore economical to place bulk-fill composite materials for posterior teeth like ORMOCER®.

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New trend sports can lead to a dental trauma, especially among young patients. The fracture of a juvenile anterior tooth crown with pronounced translucence and anatomy is one of the most common occurrences here. Especially in this case, it is difficult to reconstruct the original play of color and light. Today, adhesive cementation makes it possible to reposition the fracture piece as a reattachment restoration. Nothing fits better than one's own hard tooth substance. However, what should be done when the fracture piece can no longer be found or cannot be repositioned because of fragmented components? Composite and the acid etch technique allow us to provide minimally invasive treatment, but reconstruction is often difficult to do precisely and naturally, particularly in the case of juvenile teeth and larger defects. A genuine highly esthetic and durable alternative is offered with an all-ceramic restoration.

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This prize-winning entry in the "Asia-Pacific" category of the IPS e-max Smile Award 2016 describes the case of a patient who was treated with tooth-supported and implants-borne restorations. This initially complex case was expertly solved by using a straightforward treatment approach and establishing a uniform.

Complete or partial dentures have been one of the most widely used replacement prostheses for missing teeth. They restore the esthetics as well as functional needs of the patients. In order to provide longterm service, dentures should be maintained regularly and efficiently. Denture stomatitis, is a common disorder affecting denture wearers that caused by poor denture hygiene, continual and nighttime wearing of them, accumulation of denture plaque, and bacterial and yeast contamination of denture surface. In addition, poor-fitting dentures can increase mucosal trauma. These causes appear to increase the ability of Candida albicans to colonize both the denture and oral mucosal surfaces, where it acts as an opportunistic pathogen. Regular good denture hygiene by individuals is an important component of oral health and in the prevention of further dental problems. The dentist with dental assistants should provide health knowledge and practical training for denture wearers to prevent oral health and general health problems.

Stability, function and esthetics: when fabricating complete dentures, optimum results can only be achieved if the individual details are successfully combined. In addition to the rehabilitation of functional aspects, the esthetic reconstruction of the teeth and soft oral tissues can considerably enhance a patient's self-confidence. The patient here attained a new esthetic appearance due to the natural esthetics of the upper and lower dentures.

Complete caries excavation was traditionally regarded as a basic precondition for successful restorative treatment. New results from clinical studies and a better understanding of the disease have led in recent years to a paradigm change in the treatment of caries lesions. Studies confirm that, in the case of deep caries, selectively leaving carious dentin in the vicinity of the pulp leads to less pulp exposure and fewer postoperative complications. On the other hand, fears of caries progression due to persisting bacteria were not confirmed on account of the tight sealant effect of the restoration. The following article presents different strategies for caries excavation, showing and assessing their advantages and disadvantages on the basis of recent scientific findings.

Using the case records of a female patient's aesthetic/functional restoration, the author explains his approach and use of long-term temporary restorations to assess aesthetics, phonetics, and function of the planned treatment. This method provides a very predictable outcome of the final restoration. Additionally, the author presents a new pressable ceramic system.

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no abstract available